This paper, the inaugural work of a series from the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group, is intended to further clarify methodologies for general rapid reviews.

This document, stemming from the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group, forms a section of a broader methodological guide. Rapid reviews (RRs) implement modified systematic review methods to accelerate the review procedure, guaranteeing systematic, transparent, and replicable results. The certainty of evidence (COE) in risk ratios (RRs) is the subject of careful analysis in this paper, which explores critical evaluation factors. If full GRADE implementation for Cochrane RRs proves unfeasible due to time or resource constraints, the following alternative approaches are suggested: (1) limit certainty of evidence (COE) assessment to the primary intervention and comparator, focusing solely on critical benefits and harms; (2) for situations where a literature review or Delphi method for outcome prioritization is not feasible, consider relying on expert judgments from topic specialists, knowledge users, or team members; (3) adopt a single-reviewer approach for assessing certainty of evidence (COE), with a subsequent verification by a second reviewer, instead of the standard independent double-review process; (4) leverage existing COE grades from a well-conducted systematic review if relevant effect estimates are included within the review of interest. Modifying the definition of COE or the domains included in the GRADE approach for RRs is not recommended.

A validated patient-reported outcome instrument will be used to measure the self-reported symptom burden of heart failure patients seen at an outpatient cardiology clinic.
Eligible patients, in this observational cohort study, were invited. Participant information pertaining to demographics and comorbidities was gathered, and thereafter, participants documented their symptoms on the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale (IPOS) and the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) forms.
A total of 22 patients were selected for the study. A significant portion of the group was male, comprising fifteen. Among the subjects, the middle age was 745 years, spanning from 55 to 94 years. In terms of comorbidity, hypertension and atrial fibrillation were identified as the most frequent conditions, occurring in a total of 10 patients. Of the 22 patients, a substantial 15 (68%) exhibited dyspnea, weakness, and poor mobility as their most pronounced symptoms. Among reported symptoms, dyspnoea emerged as the most bothersome. The BPI was successfully completed by 68% of the study participants, representing 15 individuals. The median pain score was 5 out of 10, the median worst pain in the preceding 24 hours was 6 out of 10, and the median pain score at BPI completion was 3 out of 10. The preceding 24 hours' pain's effect on daily life varied greatly, from profoundly disrupting all activities (n=7) to having no effect on any activity (n=1).
The symptoms of heart failure are diverse and vary in their degree of intensity experienced by patients. Implementing a symptom assessment tool in the cardiology outpatient sector could allow for the detection of patients with a high symptom burden, consequently prompting the necessary referrals to specialist palliative care services.
The symptoms exhibited by heart failure patients differ in their severity and intensity. Implementing a symptom assessment tool within the cardiology outpatient department could effectively identify patients with significant symptom loads, leading to prompt referrals for specialized palliative care.

Palliative care could potentially benefit from the analgesic and sedative properties inherent in alpha-2 agonists. A key focus of this investigation was to delineate the utilization of clonidine and dexmedetomidine in palliative care settings (PCUs). Identifying physicians' perspectives and attitudes regarding alpha-2-agonists was a secondary objective.
Across various international centers, a qualitative survey explored prescribing practices and attitudes towards alpha-2 agonist medications. Deutivacaftor Out of a possible 159 physician contacts across France, Belgium, and French-speaking Switzerland, 142 PCUs successfully responded to the questionnaire, indicating a participation rate of 31%.
According to the survey data, 20% of the surveyed practitioners prescribe these molecules primarily for their analgesic and sedative applications. Significant differences were found in the types of treatment and the quantities used in the administration process. Compared to other nations, clonidine is a more commonly prescribed medication in Belgium; dexmedetomidine, however, is confined to French usage. Amongst practitioners who employ these molecules, a considerable level of satisfaction exists, with the overwhelming preference for further studies and details about alpha-2-agonists.
Alpha-2 agonists, a relatively uncharted territory for French-speaking palliative care physicians, possess the potential to positively impact patient care in this area. The potential of these molecules in palliative scenarios could be determined through Phase 3 research, aiming for a more unified approach by professionals.
Despite their lesser-known status and infrequent prescription, alpha-2 agonists show potential for use among French-speaking palliative care patients. A justification for utilizing these molecules in palliative contexts may emerge from phase 3 studies, contributing to the alignment of professional methods.

The restoration of soft-tissue deficits in the facial and cranial areas demands a focus on both practical use and visual appeal. Plastic surgeons frequently encounter significant difficulties treating large, post-burn scars. In the past, various free flaps, such as the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap, were commonly used for reconstructing the head and face. To address large and complicated skin imperfections effectively, the skin pedicle requires significant width. Hepatitis E Therefore, we have integrated two ALT flaps, sourced from the lateral regions of both thighs. This article presents the case of a 49-year-old female whose right head, face, and zygomatic region displayed a substantial scar, along with exposed temporal bones, following significant burn trauma. Lateral circumflex femoral artery's descending branches supplied two perforator-derived ALT flaps. To form a chimeric flap, the two source arteries were joined end-to-end via an anastomosis. Six months post-treatment, the aesthetic outcome was evaluated as acceptable. The ALT chimeric flap's contribution to head and facial reconstruction following burn-induced contractures is assessed.

Emergency departments routinely deal with nausea and vomiting, making it a prevalent chief complaint. Comparative trials using randomization to test antiemetic agents against a placebo have not established any superiority. The efficacy of inhaled isopropyl alcohol (IPA), in comparison to standard care or placebo, for adults presenting with nausea and vomiting in the emergency department, is investigated in this systematic review.
Our exploration included MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, other relevant trial databases, journals, and conference proceedings; all data were gathered up to September 2022. Randomized, controlled trials evaluating IPA in the management of nausea and vomiting in adult patients with erectile dysfunction were incorporated. The validated scale measured the change in the severity of nausea, which was the primary outcome. A secondary outcome of the Emergency Department visit was the occurrence of vomiting. The meta-analysis employed a random-effects model, coupled with the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework for determining the certainty of evidence.
A meta-analysis of the primary outcome was conducted by combining data from two trials. These trials evaluated inhaled IPA against saline placebo, including a total of 195 participants. Vacuum Systems A different study comparing patients given inhaled IPA and oral ondansetron to a group receiving inhaled saline placebo and oral ondansetron, although not initially part of the documented protocol, was eventually included within the secondary analysis phase. The bias risk of all studies was classified as either low or unclear. According to the primary analysis's pooled mean difference, IPA was associated with a 218-point decrease in reported nausea on a 0-10 scale (95% confidence interval 160-276), superior to placebo. A minimum clinically significant difference of 15 was predefined. The evidence exhibited a moderate level of strength, owing to the lack of precision caused by the low numbers of patients enrolled. Only the study included in the secondary analysis scrutinized the secondary outcome of vomiting, and no difference was found between the intervention and control groups.
This review implies that IPA's effect on alleviating nausea in adult ED patients is likely to be mild, when in comparison to the placebo group. Further investigation, encompassing larger, multi-center trials, is crucial due to the limited evidence stemming from a small number of trials and patients.
The reference CRD42022299815 needs to be returned in this instance.
CRD42022299815 is the identification code to be returned.

The century-long study of apical dominance has focused on the phenomenon whereby the apical bud/shoot tip of a plant suppresses the growth of axillary buds positioned below it. A progression of approaches occurred, starting with the physiological era, then moving to the genetic era, and finally adopting a multidisciplinary perspective. Apical dominance, during the physiological era, was attributed to auxin's indirect control of bud growth, mediated by unrecognized secondary messengers. In the list of potential candidates, cytokinin (CK) and abscisic acid (ABA) were prominent. The era of genetics, marked by the screening of shoot branching mutants across various species, unveiled a novel carotenoid-derived branching inhibitor. This pivotal discovery ultimately established strigolactones (SLs) as a novel class of plant hormones. Through modern physiological experimentation, the re-emergence of sugars' crucial role in apical dominance has been confirmed and is further explored through ongoing work involving genetically manipulated materials within the sugar-signaling process. Future research efforts, cognizant of crops and natural selection's reliance on the emergent characteristics of networks like this branching system, should encompass the entire network, the intricacies of which, while essential, lack the individual power to adequately confront the complex issues of sustainable food production and climate change.